Taylor seeks to describe the popular outdoor movement that he maintains has developed generically in both its ‘ideological evolution and its practical expression’ (16), from the earliest establishment of the Footpath Preservation Societies, through the Campaign for Access, and an Outdoor Movement on Wheels.
Stolberg examines the history of air pollution as a scientific, social and political issue from 1800 to 1860.
The advent of affordable coal in plentiful supply encouraged economic progress, but at the same time brought a largely silent pollution legacy which is still evident today…
The first part of the paper discusses the social, economic and legal history of the copper smoke problem, and the technology employed to control emissions. The second part deals with the chemical composition of copper smoke and estimates the output and dispersion of copper smoke and other metal fumes from the Llanelli Copper Company’s works in the 1860s.
Under Tsar Nicholas II, Barguzinsky Zapovednik becomes Russia’s first nature reserve.
Scientists, doctors and, politicians are the principle players behind the Netherlands’ first hygiene movement.
A German physician lays a cornerstone for public health and hygiene services.
British economist Thomas Robert Malthus warns of the dangers of overpopulation.
John Evelyn advocates an extensive reforestation program and the systematic foundation of forests and parks in England, not least to support the British fleet dependent on wood resources.
The Erie Canal was the first transportation system between the eastern seaboard and the western interior of the United States that did not require portage.
