In the early 2000s, a coalition of citizen-activists in Venice denounced the state’s massive flood-barrier project, raising public participation in the fate of the lagoon.

Making more beer for eighteenth-century London’s growing population increased the need for clean water. Efforts to guarantee supplies to the brewers had an effect on both urban and rural landscapes.

On 25 January 1421, the newly elected mayor of Coventry, England issued a proclamation that gives us insights into medieval urban sanitation concerns and their regulation in the later medieval period.

A tertian fever epidemic occurred in Barcelona from 1783 to 1786 and affected approximately one million people.