North America

Archaeological evidence demonstrates that prehistoric human activities caused significant environmental alteration in many parts of the region…

It was not solely the natural environment that determined which areas large countries and colonial powers of the 18th century used for the purposes of tar making, but also other aspects: political, military, economic and colonial.

The rapid expansion of European culture since the fifteenth century has greatly altered the face of the countryside all over the world. Among the most dramatic examples of this are the changes in North American nature wrought by Europeans since the seventeenth century…