Adrian Ivakhiv proposes an ecological realism based on humanity’s eventual demise, asking what we can do now and what quality of compost we should leave behind.

Drawing on interviews with the managers of 56 internationally adjoining protected areas in 18 countries in the Americas, the study focuses on the link between land use change and environmental change, and on three adaptation strategies, namely diversification, pooling, and out-migration. It suggests that the impact of adaptation depends on the adaptation strategy chosen.