Castro Herrera, Guillermo. “On Cattle and Ships: Culture, History, and Sustainable Development in Panama.” Environment and History 7, no. 2, “Beyond Local, Natural Ecosystems” special issue (May, 2001): 201–17. doi:10.3197/096734001129342469. During the twentieth century, two different ways of relating with nature interacted in Panama. In the Canal Zone, under control of the United States from 1903 to 1977, great emphasis was given to the conservation of water for the operation of the waterway, and forests for its military protection. In the South-west of the country, extensive cattle raising, present since the sixteenth century, expanded rapidly, partly as a result of demand from the Canal Zone and its surroundings. The future interactions between the two areas, now under one nation-state, is an issue of key importance for sustainable development in Panama. All rights reserved. © 2001 The White Horse Press
"On Cattle and Ships: Culture, History, and Sustainable Development in Panama"
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Environment and History (journal)