This article examines energy consumption, the transition from organic to fossil energy carriers, and the consequent CO₂ emissions over a period of almost 150 years (1861–2000) in Italy and Spain.

This study explores the hypothesis that a serious reduction in “landscape efficiency,” typified by significant landscape degradation, underlies the increase observed in external inputs and the corresponding loss of energy efficiency that the agrarian system has undergone over the last 150 years.

A summary of a document produced for the Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests in Europe.

Debojyoti Das’s review of an environmental history reader containing essays by Karl Jacoby, Alok Kumar Ghosh, Arun Bandopadhyay, Archana Prasad, Vinita Damodaran, Ritajyoti Bandhopadhyay, Kaushik Roy, Arabinda Samanta, Amal Das, Sahara Ahmed, Jagdish N. Sinha, Sumit Guha, Rita Pemberton, Lawrence G. Gundersen, and Tridib Chakraborty.