“‘Wilderness to Orchard’: The Export Apple Industry in Nelson, New Zealand 1908–1940”

Roche, Michael. “‘Wilderness to Orchard’: The Export Apple Industry in Nelson, New Zealand 1908–1940.” Environment and History 9, no. 4, New Zealand special issue (November 2003): 435–50. doi:10.3197/096734003129342926.

The orchard is suggestive of the ways in which commercial apple growing was represented as an idealised lifestyle linking rural economy and nature. But it was dependent on spraying as a means of controlling pests and disease and shaped increasingly by apple importing countries. (From the abstract)

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