Guns, Germs and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies
An interdisciplinary explanation of why Europeans and people of European descent have come to control so much of the world’s wealth.
An interdisciplinary explanation of why Europeans and people of European descent have come to control so much of the world’s wealth.
Since its foundation in 1703, the history of St. Petersburg is closely linked to the Neva River. The Neva is the biggest and the most important river in the Eastern Baltic. The citizens of St. Petersburg constructed complex technologies of river control that enabled them to live cheek by jowl with the mighty and self-willed stream.
The St. Petersburg flood of 1824, in which the level of the river Neva rose to the 4 meter 20 centimeter mark, is the greatest in the history of the city. The city did not recover from the destructive effects of the flood until the mid-1830s.
An invasive mollusk called the shipworm (Teredo navalis) attacked coastal dikes in the Netherlands in the 1730s, leading to changes in the design of dikes.
This article explores the connection between the significant health improvements made in the developing world, particularly after World War II, and the goal of providing clean water and sanitation services to large urban centers in these countries.
A tertian fever epidemic occurred in Barcelona from 1783 to 1786 and affected approximately one million people.
In 2007/2008 a gendered ad campaign was used in Alberta, Canada, to encourage post-secondary students to undergo mumps vaccination. This ad campaign can be seen as the result of a confluence of factors unique to a campus environment.
Cholera and typhoid fever did play a role in sanitary reform in Linz/Donau, but cannot be interpreted as the trigger of these reforms.
In 1947, inhabitants of Yakutsk gained access to potable groundwater from below the permafrost layer for the first time.
Fedor Yakovlevich Alekseev’s painting of Karuselnaya square (now Teatralnaya square) during the 1824 flood.